What is Noopept good for?

Noopept is a powerful nootropic (cognitive enhancer) that is thousand times more potent and stronger than piracetam.

Improves cognitive function. Fights anxiety. Boosts immune function. Improves mood. Combats Inflammation. Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Symptoms of Diabetes.

How noopept improve cognitive function?

An overwhelming body of clinical evidence supports the benefits of Noopept on various areas of cognitive function such as memory, learning, and thinking ability.

What is the best nootropic for anxiety?

Noopept’s cognitive-enhancing abilities also produce anti-anxiety effect according to studies: Administration of Noopept in patients with mild cognitive impairment reduced fatigue, anxiety, and irritability. In patients with newly diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis, Noopept treatment reduced manifestations of anxiety.

Does Noopept help with Mood?

Noopept can also help improve mood, making it a potential therapeutic option for certain mental health disorders: Long-term Noopept administration (21 days) significantly eliminated the manifestations of learned helplessness compared to the anti-anxiety drug Afobazol. Chronic administration (28 days, 0.5 mg/day via injections) of Noopept improved behavior by decreasing the activity of stress-induced kinases (involved in mental disorders) and increasing the levels of BDNF.

What are the benefits of Noopept?

Improves cognitive function. Fights anxiety. Boosts immune function. Improves mood. Combats Inflammation. Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Symptoms of Diabetes.

What is the most effective medicine for inflammation?

Evidence suggests that Noopept possesses anti-inflammatory properties: A study conducted in mice found that the anti-inflammatory activity of Noopept is probably related to its antioxidant properties. In animal models of acute exudative inflammation, Noopept decreased the levels of inflammatory substances such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha. In male and female rabbits, Noopept suppressed the inflammatory effects of concanavalin A.

What Are the Best Drugs to Treat Diabetes?

Noopept has also been proven to be effective at stabilizing blood sugar levels and treating diabetic symptoms: In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Noopept alleviated high blood sugar levels and weight loss and normalized pain sensitivity. In rats with alloxan-induced diabetes, Noopept inhibited platelet hyperreactivity caused by chronic elevations in blood sugar. In rats with experimental diabetes, Noopept normalized insulin levels by preventing programmed cell death of the beta cells of the pancreas. In diabetic rats, Noopept normalized basal blood sugar levels.

Noopept

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Potential Benefits of Noopept

Noopept enhances cognitive function, supports mood improvement, and reduces anxiety while boosting immune function, combating inflammation, and aiding in blood sugar regulation, making it beneficial for overall health.

Improves cognitive function [1-38]
Fights anxiety [2, 39-47]
Boosts immune function [48-50]
Improves mood [51-52]
Combats Inflammation [53-55]
Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Symptoms of Diabetes [56-59]

Key Takeaways

Cognitive Enhancement: Noopept is widely used to improve cognitive functions, particularly memory, learning ability, focus, and mental clarity. Its effects are reported to be fast-acting and potent.
Neuroprotective Benefits: Noopept is known for its neuroprotective properties, which may help protect the brain from damage and promote long-term brain health, potentially useful in preventing cognitive decline.
Potency and Dosage: Noopept is considered much more potent than other nootropics, such as piracetam, requiring much smaller doses to achieve similar or greater effects.
Mood and Anxiety Support: Some users report that Noopept can help reduce anxiety and improve mood, although its primary function is cognitive enhancement.
Synthetic Compound: Noopept is a synthetic nootropic, meaning it was chemically developed, and while it is generally regarded as safe in appropriate doses, its long-term safety profile is not fully established.

What is Noopept?

Noopept is a powerful nootropic (cognitive enhancer) that is a thousand times more potent and stronger than piracetam. Unlike other nootropics, the effect of this synthetic smart drug can be felt in just a few minutes after it reaches the bloodstream. As a cognitive stimulant, Noopept can help fight inflammation, alleviate anxiety, and reduce the levels of damaging free radicals in your body.

How Noopept Works

Noopept is a well-known cognitive-enhancing drug that works by speeding up the process of memory formation and retrieval. It does this by boosting the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a compound that promotes the growth of brain cells. Also, Noopept makes the acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in the brain more responsive to the neurotransmitter (brain chemical) acetylcholine, which in turn allows faster and more efficient relay of messages between neurons.

Chemical Structure of Noopept

Research on Noopept

A. Improves Cognitive Function

An overwhelming body of clinical evidence supports the benefits of Noopept in various areas of cognitive function such as memory, learning, and thinking ability:

In patients with cognitive disturbances caused by traumas or vascular brain diseases, Noopept improved brain function as evidenced by increased alpha- and beta-rhythms power in the electroencephalogram (EEG). [1-2]
Administration of Noopept at a dose of 20 mg daily for 2 months improved cognitive function in patients with stroke and has a high level of safety. [3]
In several animal models of Alzheimer disease (AD), Noopept protected rat brain cells against amyloid beta toxicity (causative agent of AD) by inhibiting oxidative damage, preventing calcium overload, and suppressing apoptosis (programed cell death).[4-9]
Repeated oral administration of Noopept in rats improved learning compared to single dose. [10]
In a rat model of stroke, Noopept demonstrated both cognition-restoring and neuroprotective properties. [11]
In normal and Down’s syndrome human brain neurons, Noopept prevented oxidative damage and apoptosis. [12]
In conscious rats, Noopept administration increased brain activity in the EEG. [13]
Noopept has the ability to increase the levels of Nerve Growth Factor and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor, which is associated with chronic improvement in memory. [14-15]
Noopept may help improve cognitive function by enhancing the electrical signals between neurons. [16]
Noopept at a 1:1 ratio or ten-fold greater appeared to significantly reduce the levels of Lewy bodies (protein clumps causing Parkinson’s disease) in the brain. [17]
In mice with convulsive disorder, chronic administration of Noopept increased the efficacy of the anticonvulsant drug valproate. [18]
A study reported that Noopept exerts its neuroprotective effects through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. [19]
In rats, Noopept enhanced the transmission of nerve signals in the brain. [20-21]
In mice, Noopept completely prevented the development of cognitive disorders induced by scopolamine. [22]
In rats, Noopept reversed cognitive impairment by increasing the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). [23]
In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, Noopept prevented memory deterioration. [24]
Studies reported that Noopept can help prevent Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting the formation of abnormal protein structures in the brain and decrease in the activity of stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). [25-29]
In mice, injection of Noopept 5 minutes before learning improved long-term memory. [30]
In rats with stroke, Noopept treatment decreased the infarction area (dead tissue) in the brain. [31]
In rats, Noopept administration at 5 mg/kg via injections produced cognitive-enhancing effects. [32]
The administration of 0.5-10 mg/kg of Noopept in rats stimulated one-session learning after single administration, while repeated administration increased the learning ability of rats who failed the initial training in the passive avoidance task (a test that evaluates learning and memory). [33]
Noopept (GVS-111, N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester) administration at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg 15 minutes before the start of the Morris maze induced significant improvements in long-term memory. [34]
In rats with compression-induced cerebral ischemia, Noopept administration via injections and oral route improved retrieval of passive avoidance responses. [35]
A cell study found that Noopept prevented neurodegeneration induced by glutamate and oxidative stress. [36]
In rats that had cognitive impairment due to lobectomy, a procedure that involves the removal of an entire lobe of the brain, Noopept promoted the restoration of learning and memory. [37]
A cell study reported that Noopept enhanced the transmission of signals between brain cells. [38]

B. Fights Anxiety

Noopept’s cognitive-enhancing abilities also produce anti-anxiety effects according to studies:

Administration of Noopept in patients with mild cognitive impairment reduced fatigue, anxiety, and irritability. [2]
In patients with newly diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis, Noopept treatment reduced manifestations of anxiety. [39]
In rats, Noopept administration was associated with an increase in locomotor activity in the elevated plus-maze test, suggesting an anti-anxiety effect. [40]
Noopept administration also increased the exploratory behavior of rats undergoing open field tests, which is indicative of reduced anxiety. [41]
In mice, administration of Noopept produced modulation of the anxiety level. [42]
In rats, Noopept reduced the incidence of learned helplessness. [43-44]
In mice from different strains, Noopept reduced stress levels as evidenced by an increased number of avoidance reactions in stress-inducing slip-funnel test. [45]
In rats aged 4 days, Noopept reversed signs of stress caused by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). [46]
In inbred mice strains, Noopept administration at 1 mg per kg daily produced anti-anxiety effects on the 7th day. [47]

C. Boosts Immune Function

Taking Noopept can also ward off a wide array of diseases. There is increasing evidence suggesting that this cognitive enhancer also has potent immune-boosting properties:

In animal models, Noopept stimulated humoral and cellular immune responses to various antigens (harmful microorganisms) and markedly increased the levels of white blood cells. [48]
In rats, Noopept administration for 5 days at a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg (injections) or 5 mg/kg (oral) significantly reduced chronic immune inflammation. [49]
In mice, Noopept injection at 5 mg/kg reduced the levels of inflammatory substances such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha. [50]

D. Improves Mood

Noopept can also help improve mood, making it a potential therapeutic option for certain mental health disorders:

Long-term Noopept administration (21 days) significantly eliminated the manifestations of learned helplessness compared to the anti-anxiety drug Afobazol. [51]
Chronic administration (28 days, 0.5 mg/day via injections) of Noopept improved behavior by decreasing the activity of stress-induced kinases (involved in mental disorders) and increasing the levels of BDNF. [52]

E. Combats Inflammation

Evidence suggests that Noopept possesses anti-inflammatory properties:

A study conducted in mice found that the anti-inflammatory activity of Noopept is probably related to its antioxidant properties. [53]
In animal models of acute exudative inflammation, Noopept decreased the levels of inflammatory substances such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha. [54]
In male and female rabbits, Noopept suppressed the inflammatory effects of concanavalin A. [55]

F. Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Symptoms of Diabetes

Noopept has also been proven to be effective at stabilizing blood sugar levels and treating diabetic symptoms:

In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Noopept alleviated high blood sugar levels and weight loss and normalized pain sensitivity. [56]
In rats with alloxan-induced diabetes, Noopept inhibited platelet hyperreactivity caused by chronic elevations in blood sugar. [57]
In rats with experimental diabetes, Noopept normalized insulin levels by preventing programmed cell death of the beta cells of the pancreas. [58]
In diabetic rats, Noopept normalized basal blood sugar levels. [59]

Noopept Side Effects

Noopept side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this nootropic wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on Noopept. However, the issue wasn’t’ confirmed to be caused by the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of Noopept. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with Noopept even these associated side effects are very uncommon.

Side effects associated with Noopept may include the following:

Confusion
Drowsiness
Fatigue
Headaches
Increased blood pressure
Irritability
Sleep disturbances

Noopept Dosage

Noopept is a potent nootropic, and its recommended dosage is significantly lower than other similar compounds, such as piracetam. A typical dosage ranges from 10 to 30 mg per day, usually taken in one or two divided doses. Due to its potency, it is important to start with the lowest effective dose, typically around 10 mg, to gauge tolerance and effectiveness. It is often taken orally, but some users opt for sublingual administration for faster absorption.

Noopept is known for its rapid onset of effects, usually within 15-20 minutes after ingestion, making it popular for those seeking quick cognitive enhancement. The effects may include improved memory, focus, and mental clarity, which can last for several hours. To maintain its efficacy, many users prefer to cycle Noopept by taking it for a few weeks followed by a break, reducing the risk of developing tolerance.

Although Noopept is generally well-tolerated, it’s essential to avoid exceeding the recommended dosage, as higher amounts can lead to side effects such as headaches, irritability, or fatigue. Users are advised to consult with a healthcare professional before starting Noopept, especially if they are taking other medications or have underlying health conditions.

Noopept Nootropics

Noopept is a synthetic nootropic that has gained popularity for its potent cognitive-enhancing effects. It is often used to improve memory, learning, focus, and overall mental clarity. Unlike many other nootropics, Noopept is fast-acting, with users often reporting noticeable improvements in cognitive performance shortly after taking it. It is also known for its neuroprotective properties, which may help prevent cognitive decline and support long-term brain health.

One of the key advantages of Noopept is its potency. It is believed to be up to 1000 times stronger than piracetam, one of the earliest and most well-known nootropics. This means that users can achieve significant cognitive benefits with much lower doses, making it a preferred choice for those looking for efficiency and fast results. In addition to its cognitive benefits, some users report reductions in anxiety and stress levels, further enhancing its appeal.

Noopept works by increasing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and stimulating the cholinergic system, which plays a crucial role in learning and memory. While it is generally well-tolerated, potential users should be mindful of dosage, as overuse can lead to side effects such as headaches or irritability. As with any supplement, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating Noopept into a daily routine, especially for long-term use.

Noopept Supplements

Noopept supplements are widely recognized for their cognitive-enhancing properties, making them popular among those seeking improvements in memory, focus, and learning. Derived from the racetam family of nootropics, Noopept is known for being highly potent, with effects believed to be far stronger than piracetam, another well-known nootropic. Many users turn to Noopept for its rapid onset of action, reporting noticeable improvements in mental clarity and information retention after use.

In addition to cognitive benefits, Noopept is also valued for its neuroprotective effects. Research suggests that it may help safeguard brain cells from oxidative damage and support overall brain health. This has made it appealing not only for those looking to enhance mental performance but also for people interested in long-term brain health and potentially slowing age-related cognitive decline.

Noopept supplements are generally available in powder or capsule form, making them easy to incorporate into daily routines. However, due to its potency, dosage should be carefully monitored, and users are advised to start with small amounts to assess tolerance. Although Noopept is considered safe for short-term use, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional, particularly for long-term use or in cases of pre-existing health conditions.

Noopept Buy

Noopept is a popular nootropic supplement that many people seek for its cognitive-enhancing properties, such as improving memory, focus, and learning capabilities. It can be bought online through various retailers that specialize in nootropics or health supplements. When purchasing Noopept, it’s essential to ensure that the supplier is reputable and provides high-quality products with proper third-party testing for purity and safety.

Before buying Noopept, it’s important to research the dosage, potential effects, and any side effects that may come with its use. Noopept is often considered more potent than other nootropics, meaning only small doses are required to achieve desired effects. Many retailers offer Noopept in both powder and capsule form, allowing consumers to choose based on their preference.

Some countries have specific regulations regarding the sale of Noopept, so it’s crucial to check the legal status of the supplement in your area before making a purchase. Additionally, reading reviews and verifying customer experiences can help in selecting the right supplier. For those new to Noopept, consulting a healthcare professional before using it is recommended to ensure safe and effective use.

Noopept vs Piracetam

Noopept and piracetam are both popular nootropics, but they differ in potency and mechanism of action. Noopept is considered much stronger than piracetam, with some estimates suggesting it is up to 1000 times more potent. As a result, users typically take much smaller doses of Noopept to achieve similar or more pronounced cognitive-enhancing effects. Both are used for improving memory, learning, and focus, but Noopept is also noted for its neuroprotective properties and ability to reduce anxiety.

While piracetam is one of the oldest and most well-researched nootropics, its effects are milder compared to Noopept. Piracetam is often used for general cognitive enhancement, with a focus on improving memory and increasing cerebral blood flow. It works primarily by modulating the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which plays a key role in learning and memory. Noopept, on the other hand, is believed to act more directly on neurotransmitter systems and has quicker, more noticeable effects.

The choice between Noopept and piracetam often depends on the individual’s goals. Those seeking a more potent nootropic with faster results may prefer Noopept, especially if they are dealing with cognitive decline or stress. Piracetam, due to its gentler effects, is sometimes favored by individuals looking for a milder, long-term solution for cognitive improvement without the need for high potency. Both are generally regarded as safe when used responsibly, but Noopept’s higher potency requires careful dosing.

Noopept Nasal Spray

Noopept nasal spray is a delivery method for the nootropic Noopept, designed for faster absorption and more immediate effects compared to oral capsules or powder. Since nasal sprays bypass the digestive system and enter the bloodstream more quickly through the nasal mucosa, users may experience cognitive benefits like enhanced focus, memory retention, and mental clarity within minutes of application.

This method is particularly popular among individuals seeking rapid cognitive boosts for tasks requiring intense mental effort. The nasal spray form may also result in a higher bioavailability, meaning a smaller dose may be needed to achieve the same effects compared to oral administration. The convenience of quick use makes it ideal for those who want on-demand cognitive enhancement.

However, there are some considerations with Noopept nasal spray, such as potential irritation to the nasal passages with frequent use. Additionally, because this method provides faster onset, users should be cautious about overuse, as the effects may be stronger and more immediate than expected. It’s important to follow recommended dosing guidelines to avoid adverse effects or tolerance.

Noopept Stack

A Noopept stack typically combines Noopept with other nootropics to enhance its cognitive benefits. Since Noopept is known for improving memory, focus, and learning, stacking it with complementary compounds can amplify these effects. Common additions to a Noopept stack include choline sources like Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline, which help support acetylcholine levels in the brain, improving mental clarity and reducing the potential for headaches, a common side effect of Noopept.

Another popular component in a Noopept stack is racetams, such as piracetam or aniracetam. These nootropics work synergistically with Noopept to enhance cognitive functions like memory retention and attention span. The combination may also provide a more balanced cognitive enhancement, as racetams are known for their mild mood-boosting effects, which complement Noopept’s focus-enhancing properties.

Some users also add adaptogens like Rhodiola Rosea or L-Theanine to their Noopept stack for stress management and overall brain health. These adaptogens help reduce anxiety and promote a calm, focused state of mind, allowing the user to benefit from the cognitive boost of the stack without feeling overstimulated or anxious. The combination of Noopept with other cognitive enhancers and calming agents makes for a powerful and well-rounded nootropic stack.

Is Noopept Safe

Noopept is generally considered safe when used at recommended doses, but its safety profile is still being studied. As a synthetic nootropic, it is often used for enhancing cognitive function, memory, and focus, but long-term research on its effects in humans is limited. Side effects are typically mild, such as headaches, irritability, or insomnia, but these tend to occur with higher doses or prolonged use.

One of the reasons Noopept is considered safer than other cognitive enhancers is its potency. It requires much smaller doses to achieve similar effects compared to other nootropics like piracetam. However, because of its potency, it’s crucial to start with low doses to avoid overstimulation or side effects, especially for first-time users or those sensitive to nootropics.

Despite its promising cognitive benefits, Noopept should be used cautiously, particularly by individuals with pre-existing health conditions or those taking other medications. Consulting a healthcare provider before starting Noopept is recommended to ensure it doesn’t interact with other treatments or worsen any underlying conditions.

Noopept vs Aniracetam

Noopept and aniracetam are both popular nootropics known for their cognitive-enhancing properties, but they differ significantly in potency and mechanism of action. Noopept is considered to be much more potent than aniracetam, with effects noticeable at lower doses. It is believed to enhance memory, learning, and mental clarity while also offering neuroprotective benefits. Noopept’s fast-acting nature makes it favored by those looking for quick cognitive boosts.

Aniracetam, on the other hand, is part of the racetam family and is especially noted for its mood-enhancing properties in addition to cognitive benefits. It is often used to alleviate anxiety and improve mood while also providing memory and focus support. Aniracetam’s effects on mood are thought to be linked to its interaction with serotonin and dopamine receptors, making it a preferred choice for users seeking a balance between cognitive enhancement and emotional well-being.

While both nootropics aim to boost cognitive function, users often choose between them based on their specific needs. Noopept tends to be favored for its potency and quick cognitive impact, while aniracetam is preferred for its mood-lifting qualities and more gradual, sustained cognitive improvements. Each compound works differently in the brain, so individual responses and goals will determine the best choice.

Noopept vs Adrafinil

Noopept and Adrafinil are both popular nootropics but differ significantly in their mechanisms and effects. Noopept is primarily used for cognitive enhancement, memory improvement, and neuroprotection. It acts quickly, with users often experiencing heightened mental clarity, improved learning, and reduced anxiety. Noopept is considered more subtle and less stimulating than many nootropics, making it ideal for those looking to enhance cognitive function without overstimulation.

On the other hand, Adrafinil is a stimulant prodrug that metabolizes into modafinil in the body, promoting wakefulness and alertness. It is primarily used to combat fatigue, improve focus, and increase mental energy, often favored by individuals who need a boost in productivity or alertness, such as shift workers or students. Unlike Noopept, Adrafinil can feel more energizing, but long-term use may impact liver health, requiring careful consideration of dosage and duration.

When comparing the two, the choice between Noopept and Adrafinil largely depends on personal needs. Noopept offers more subtle cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection, while Adrafinil provides a more pronounced boost in energy and wakefulness. Individuals seeking a less stimulating, longer-term brain health solution may prefer Noopept, while those needing temporary alertness and focus might opt for Adrafinil.

Noopept Powder

Noopept powder is a popular nootropic supplement known for its cognitive-enhancing properties. It is widely used to improve memory, focus, and mental clarity, making it a go-to choice for students, professionals, and those seeking to enhance their cognitive performance. Noopept acts quickly and is believed to be more potent than other well-known nootropics like piracetam, requiring smaller doses to achieve significant effects.

One of the unique aspects of Noopept powder is its neuroprotective capabilities. It is thought to help protect the brain from oxidative stress and damage caused by aging or environmental factors, potentially supporting long-term brain health. In addition, some research suggests that it may promote the growth of new neurons, contributing to its reputation as a beneficial cognitive enhancer for both short-term and long-term use.

Noopept powder is often praised for its mood-enhancing effects, as some users report reduced anxiety and stress levels while using it. Despite its benefits, it is important to use Noopept with care, as its potency means that even small amounts can produce strong effects. It is typically recommended to start with low doses and gradually adjust as needed to avoid potential side effects or tolerance.

Noopept Supplement

Noopept is a synthetic nootropic supplement widely known for its potent cognitive-enhancing properties. Originally developed in Russia, it is believed to improve memory, learning, and focus by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly acetylcholine. Many users take Noopept to boost mental clarity, reduce brain fog, and enhance overall cognitive performance, making it a popular choice for students and professionals alike.

In addition to its cognitive benefits, Noopept is also thought to have neuroprotective effects. Research suggests that it may help shield brain cells from damage caused by oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, potentially slowing down cognitive decline associated with aging or neurodegenerative conditions. Its antioxidant properties also contribute to its reputation as a supplement that can support long-term brain health.

Despite its benefits, the use of Noopept should be approached cautiously. Its potency means that smaller doses are often sufficient to achieve noticeable effects, and taking too much can lead to side effects like headaches, irritability, or sleep disturbances. It is also important to cycle Noopept usage and consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating it into a regular supplement regimen, especially for those with pre-existing health conditions.

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FAQ

What is Noopept used for?

Noopept, also known as prolylglycine ethyl ester, is primarily used to enhance cognitive function, improve memory, focus, and learning abilities by acting on the central nervous system, particularly in studies involving the photochemical stroke model. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory action, which may contribute to its neuroprotective effects, as observed in various neurodegenerative conditions, including those studied using the photochemical stroke model. Prolylglycine ethyl ester is also used for neuroprotection, supporting the central nervous system against damage through its cognitive-enhancing and anti-inflammatory action. Additionally, prolylglycine ethyl ester may aid in reducing anxiety and stress, further benefiting the health of the central nervous system by potentially reducing inflammation through its anti-inflammatory action, which is of particular interest in the photochemical stroke model.

Is Noopept a good nootropic?

Noopept is considered a potent nootropic by many users, as studies on rat brain models and Alzheimer’s disease model suggest it may improve cognitive performance, especially in memory retention and learning. Its effects on the Alzheimer’s disease model are said to be faster and more pronounced than some other nootropics. Research involving the rat brain and Alzheimer’s disease model has provided insights into its potential mechanisms of action.

Is Noopept the same as piracetam?

No, neuroprotective agent Noopept is not the same as piracetam. Although they are both nootropics and share some cognitive-enhancing properties, proline-containing dipeptide neuroprotective agent Noopept is believed to be more potent and works differently at a molecular level. Additionally, proline-containing dipeptide neuroprotective agent Noopept offers neuroprotective benefits that piracetam does not, making it a unique option for those seeking cognitive enhancement with brain health support. The proline-containing dipeptide structure of Noopept further distinguishes it from other nootropics, enhancing its potential for brain health.

Does Noopept help with ADHD?

Some users report that cognitive enhancer Noopept stimulates improvements in focus and attention, potentially helping with symptoms of ADHD. However, the efficacy of cognitive enhancer Noopept stimulates for ADHD is not well-established through clinical studies, including those using western blot analysis to investigate its mechanisms. While anecdotal evidence exists, more research using western blot analysis is needed to confirm how cognitive enhancer Noopept stimulates ADHD symptom management effectively. Future studies, such as those employing western blot analysis, could provide more insight into its effects on neurotransmitter pathways.

Is Noopept stronger than piracetam?

Yes, Noopept is generally considered stronger than piracetam, especially when addressing cognitive deficiency caused by vascular and traumatic origin. It is believed to be up to 1000 times more potent, which means lower doses are required to achieve similar or better cognitive effects, particularly in cases of cognitive deficiency caused by vascular and traumatic events or mild cognitive impairment. This makes Noopept a powerful choice for those seeking cognitive enhancement, especially in individuals with mild cognitive deficiency caused by conditions stemming from vascular and traumatic origin.

What is better than piracetam?

Several nootropics are considered more potent or effective than piracetam, depending on the goal, particularly in managing icognitive deficiency caused by organic brain diseases and supporting neuronal cells. These include Noopept, aniracetam, oxiracetam, and phenylpiracetam, with Noopept being notable for its role in promoting the endogenous nootropic dipeptide cycloprolylglycine. The best option depends on individual needs, such as cognitive enhancement, mood improvement, neuroprotection, or addressing the effects of icognitive deficiency caused by organic brain diseases. In cases of icognitive deficiency caused by organic brain diseases, these nootropics may provide added benefits due to their neuroprotective properties, particularly in preserving neuronal cells, a process influenced by endogenous nootropic dipeptide cycloprolylglycine. Enhancing the health and function of neuronal cells, including the potential upregulation of endogenous nootropic dipeptide cycloprolylglycine, is a key factor in the effectiveness of these compounds.

What does piracetam do to the brain?

Piracetam is believed to enhance the function of neurotransmitters, particularly acetylcholine, which helps improve memory and learning in individuals with mild cognitive disorders, including those involved in experimental Alzheimer disease research under in vitro conditions. It also increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization, which can be beneficial for those dealing with mild cognitive disorders and may play a role in experimental Alzheimer disease treatments, contributing to overall cognitive enhancement under in vitro conditions. Additionally, Piracetam is often used as a supplement to support brain function in people experiencing mild cognitive disorders, including in experimental Alzheimer disease studies conducted in in vitro conditions, helping to improve mental clarity and memory retention.

Is it safe to take nootropics every day?

The safety of taking nootropics daily depends on the specific nootropic, dosage, individual health, and the potential effect on apoptotic cells and neuronal survival within medical sciences. Novel cognitive enhancer Noopept is an example of a nootropic that may require caution when used daily, as its effects on neuronal survival are still being researched in medical sciences. Some, like caffeine or natural adaptogens, may be safe for regular use, while novel cognitive enhancer Noopept and others may require cycling to avoid tolerance, side effects, or potential accumulation of apoptotic cells. It’s important to understand that even with novel cognitive enhancer Noopept, individual responses and effects on neuronal survival and long-term safety should be considered within the context of medical sciences before daily use.

Is Noopept synthetic?

Yes, Noopept is a synthetic nootropic, developed to improve cognitive functions and has neuroprotective effects, partly by influencing behavioral physiology through promoting the production of nerve growth factor. It is a modified version of a natural peptide, and its ability to enhance cognitive performance may be linked to its impact on nerve growth factor levels in the brain, which also ties into behavioral physiology. Some research suggests that it may offer benefits in conditions like sporadic Alzheimer disease due to its neuroprotective qualities. Additionally, the increase in nerve growth factor supports neuroprotection and may contribute to improved brain health over time, potentially affecting behavioral physiology in a positive way. Given its potential, Noopept might hold promise for supporting cognitive function in individuals at risk of sporadic Alzheimer disease, and this could be relevant in ongoing research on nootropics and neurodegenerative conditions like sporadic Alzheimer disease.

What is similar to aniracetam?

Compounds similar to aniracetam include piracetam, oxiracetam, and phenylpiracetam, which belong to the racetam family and share similar cognitive-enhancing and mood-boosting effects, including improvements in spatial memory. These compounds also influence drug metabolism, which can impact their potency and duration of noopept action, ultimately affecting spatial memory performance. Understanding the role of drug metabolism is essential when comparing these nootropics, as it helps determine their effectiveness, how the body processes them, and their impact on spatial memory. Additionally, drug metabolism plays a key role in individual responses to these cognitive-enhancing compounds, which can be related to noopept action as well. The varying noopept action among individuals highlights the importance of considering personal factors when evaluating these nootropic options.

Is it bad to take nootropics every day?

Taking nootropics every day can have risks, especially if done without proper cycling, medical supervision, or understanding of the potential long-term effects, including how these substances cross the blood-brain barrier and their potential impact on α synuclein amyloid cytotoxicity. Overuse can lead to tolerance, dependency, or side effects in some cases, which may affect neuroprotective mechanisms and anti-inflammatory effects related to α synuclein amyloid cytotoxicity, especially when substances easily cross the blood-brain barrier. It’s crucial to be aware of these risks, particularly concerning how nootropics interact with the blood-brain barrier and their anti-inflammatory effects, to ensure that cognitive enhancers do not contribute to issues related to α synuclein amyloid cytotoxicity. Additionally, understanding the anti-inflammatory effects of certain nootropics can be key to minimizing negative interactions with brain health.

What is the use of Noopept powder?

Noopept powder is a synthetic neuroprotective dipeptide containing dipeptide GVS 111, used to enhance cognitive performance, improve memory, focus, and mental clarity, particularly in the prefrontal cortex. It may also help prevent neuronal apoptosis, potentially benefiting brain health. Overall, synthetic neuroprotective dipeptide Noopept, containing dipeptide GVS 111, is valued for its ability to support various cognitive functions, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and promote brain health, especially in areas like the prefrontal cortex. The neuroprotective properties of Noopept, containing dipeptide GVS 111, may be particularly beneficial in preventing neuronal apoptosis, which is the programmed death of brain cells in the prefrontal cortex, thereby supporting overall brain longevity.

What are the benefits of nootropic powder?

Noopept powder is a synthetic neuroprotective dipeptide and one of the psychoactive substances used to enhance brain res cognitive performance. Noopept increases memory, focus, and mental clarity. It may also have psychoactive substances-like properties, potentially benefiting brain res health. Overall, synthetic neuroprotective dipeptide Noopept increases cognitive functions while promoting brain res health. In addition, Noopept increases its value as one of the notable psychoactive substances in the nootropic world.

Does Noopept increase dopamine?

Noopept may indirectly affect dopamine levels, but it is not primarily known for increasing dopamine. Comparative studies suggest that one of its major metabolites is more associated with enhancing acetylcholine activity and neuroprotection, particularly by significantly decreasing glutamate toxicity. Additionally, the major metabolite of Noopept plays a role in protecting the brain by significantly decreasing glutamate toxicity, which is crucial for overall cognitive enhancement, as observed in comparative studies. While dopamine effects may be indirect, the major metabolite is key in achieving its neuroprotective benefits, including significantly decreasing damage to neurons against glutamate toxicity, according to comparative studies.

Does Noopept lower blood pressure?

There is no strong evidence to suggest that Noopept, also known as n phenylacetyl l prolylglycine, lowers blood pressure. Most of its effects are related to cognitive function, particularly in addressing cognitive deficiency and enhancing the function of the Meynert basal nuclei, rather than cardiovascular health. However, Noopept efficiency has been noted more in cognitive enhancement than in cardiovascular support. While n phenylacetyl l prolylglycine may not directly affect blood pressure, its primary focus is on enhancing cognitive performance and mitigating cognitive deficiency, including supporting the Meynert basal nuclei. The Noopept efficiency in improving brain function makes it more suited for cognitive health, particularly with potential benefits to the Meynert basal nuclei, than for cardiovascular support. Therefore, n phenylacetyl l prolylglycine, with its notable Noopept efficiency, is primarily focused on cognitive improvement rather than blood pressure regulation.

Reference

Bochkarev VK, Teleshova ES, Siuniakov SA, Davydova DV, Neznamov GG. [Clinical and electroencephalographic characteristic of noopept in patients with mild cognitive impairment of posttraumatic and vascular origin]. Zh NevrolPsikhiatrIm S SKorsakova. 2008;108(11):47-54.

[Clinical and electroencephalographic characteristic of noopept in patients with mild cognitive impairment of posttraumatic and vascular origin]

Noopept, a new nootropic drug, was studied for its effects on EEG rhythms in patients with cerebral asthenic and cognitive disturbances due to trauma or vascular brain diseases. Noopept increased alpha- and beta-rhythms power while reducing delta-rhythms power, showing a nonspecific activation and anxiolytic effect. The changes in alpha-rhythm were mainly in low to medium frequencies, with beta-rhythm changes more pronounced in the frontal areas. The drug’s nootropic effects were most evident in cerebral vascular diseases, with less typical changes seen in posttraumatic brain injuries.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19008801/.
Neznamov GG, Teleshova ES. Comparative studies of Noopept and piracetam in the treatment of patients with mild cognitive disorders in organic brain diseases of vascular and traumatic origin. NeurosciBehav Physiol. 2009;39(3):311-21.
Amelin AV, IliukhinaAIu, Shmonin AA. [Noopept in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment in patients with stroke]. Zh NevrolPsikhiatrIm S SKorsakova. 2011;111(10 Pt 1):44-6.

[Noopept in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment in patients with stroke]

Noopept, a neuroprotective and nootropic drug, was studied in 60 stroke patients over 12 months. The study found that after 2 months of treatment with 20 mg daily, patients showed significant improvement in cognitive functions, as assessed by neuropsychological tests, compared to a control group. Overall, Noopept demonstrated mild improvement in cognitive abilities and a high level of safety in these patients.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22500312/#:~:text=The%20global%20assessment%20of%20efficacy,a%20high%20level%20of%20safety..
Ostrovskaya RU, Vakhitova YV, KuzminaUSh, et al. Neuroprotective effect of novel cognitive enhancer noopept on AD-related cellular model involves the attenuation of apoptosis and tau hyperphosphorylation. J Biomed Sci. 2014;21:74.

Neuroprotective effect of novel cognitive enhancer noopept on AD-related cellular model involves the attenuation of apoptosis and tau hyperphosphorylation

Noopept, a nootropic dipeptide similar to piracetam, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in a cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In PC12 cells exposed to amyloid-beta (Aβ25–35), Noopept improved cell viability, reduced oxidative stress, calcium overload, and apoptosis, while also decreasing tau phosphorylation and restoring neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that Noopept may counteract both common and AD-specific pathogenic mechanisms, offering potential as a cognitive enhancer and neuroprotective agent in AD.

You can read the full article at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4422191/.
Jia X, Gharibyan AL, Öhman A, Liu Y, Olofsson A, Morozova-roche LA. Neuroprotective and nootropic drug noopept rescues α-synuclein amyloid cytotoxicity. J Mol Biol. 2011;414(5):699-712.

Neuroprotective and nootropic drug noopept rescues α-synuclein amyloid cytotoxicity

Noopept, a neuroprotective and nootropic drug, has shown potential in treating Parkinson’s disease by influencing the behavior of toxic α-synuclein (α-Syn) oligomers, which are implicated in the disease. Noopept promotes the sequestration of these toxic oligomers into larger, less harmful fibrillar aggregates, reducing their cytotoxic effects on neuronal cells. This action not only alleviates the cell damage typically caused by these oligomers but also adds to the therapeutic benefits of Noopept in neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson’s disease.

You can read the full article at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022283611010849?via%3Dihub.
Ostrovskaya RU, Gruden MA, Bobkova NA, et al. The nootropic and neuroprotective proline-containing dipeptide noopept restores spatial memory and increases immunoreactivity to amyloid in an Alzheimer’s disease model. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford). 2007;21(6):611-9.

The nootropic and neuroprotective proline-containing dipeptide noopept restores spatial memory and increases immunoreactivity to amyloid in an Alzheimer’s disease model

Noopept, a novel neuroprotective and nootropic dipeptide, was studied in NMRI mice with Alzheimer’s disease-like symptoms induced by olfactory bulbectomy. The study found that Noopept improved spatial memory and increased serum antibody levels against toxic amyloid aggregates (Abeta(25-35)) in these mice. This effect may help reduce the neurotoxic impact of amyloid fibrillization and contribute to cognitive improvements. Combined with its neuroprotective properties, Noopept shows potential as a treatment for cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0269881106071335?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed.
Ostrovskaia RU, Tsaplina AP, VakhitovaIuV, SalimgareevaMKh, Iamidanov RS. [Effect of the novel nootropic and neuroprotective dipeptide noopept on the streptozotocin-induced model of sporadic Alzheimer disease in rats]. EkspKlinFarmakol. 2010;73(1):2-6.

[Effect of the novel nootropic and neuroprotective dipeptide noopept on the streptozotocin-induced model of sporadic Alzheimer disease in rats]

Streptozotocin-treated rats, used as a model for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), show cognitive deficits and hippocampal metabolic changes like decreased NGF and BDNF expression and increased lipid peroxidation. Unlike systemic administration, intraventricular STZ does not cause hyperglycemia, aligning with the idea that sporadic AD may be a form of type-III diabetes. The dipeptide Noopept counteracts these pathological changes and cognitive impairments, likely due to its neuroprotective properties, including enhancing NGF and BDNF expression, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating neurotransmitter release, making it a promising multipotent treatment for AD.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20184279/.
Ostrovskaya RU, Belnik AP, Storozheva ZI. Noopept efficiency in experimental Alzheimer disease (cognitive deficiency caused by beta-amyloid25-35 injection into Meynert basal nuclei of rats). Bull ExpBiol Med. 2008;146(1):77-80.

Noopept efficiency in experimental Alzheimer disease (cognitive deficiency caused by beta-amyloid25-35 injection into Meynert basal nuclei of rats)

In a study on Wistar rats, the injection of beta-amyloid25-35 into the Meynert basal nuclei induced long-term memory deficits. Noopept, a nootropic and neuroprotective dipeptide, was shown to prevent these cognitive impairments when administered before the injury and significantly reduced the deficits even when treatment began after neurodegeneration had set in. Noopept’s effectiveness is attributed to its neuroprotective properties, including stimulating antibody production against beta-amyloid25-35, suggesting its potential as a treatment for early to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-008-0211-6.
Bobkova NV, Gruden’ MA, Samokhin AN, et al. [Noopept improves the spatial memory and stimulates prefibrillar beta-amyloid(25-35) antibody production in mice]. EkspKlinFarmakol. 2005;68(5):11-5.

[Noopept improves the spatial memory and stimulates prefibrillar beta-amyloid(25-35) antibody production in mice]

Noopept, a novel nootropic and neuroprotective dipeptide, was shown to improve spatial memory and increase antibody levels against beta-amyloid(25-35) in NMRI mice with olfactory bulbectomy, an Alzheimer’s disease model. Noopept-treated mice restored their memory performance in the Morris water maze test, indicating its potential to counteract cognitive deficits and neurotoxic effects associated with Alzheimer’s pathology. These findings suggest promising therapeutic potential for Noopept in treating neurodegenerative diseases.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16277202/.
Ostrovskaya RU, Mirsoev TK, Romanova GA, et al. Proline-containing dipeptide GVS-111 retains nootropic activity after oral administration. Bull ExpBiol Med. 2001;132(4):959-62.

Proline-containing dipeptide GVS-111 retains nootropic activity after oral administration

In experiments on rats, Noopept (GVS-111), a peptide analog of piracetam, demonstrated strong antiamnesic activity and enhanced learning abilities when administered orally. It was effective in doses of 0.5-10 mg/kg, improving one-session learning and increasing the number of successful learners after repeated administration, distinguishing it from its metabolite cycloprolylglycine and the standard nootropic piracetam.

You can read the full article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1013663126973.
Ostrovskaya RU, Romanova GA, Barskov IV, et al. Memory restoring and neuroprotective effects of the proline-containing dipeptide, GVS-111, in a photochemical stroke model. BehavPharmacol. 1999;10(5):549-53.

Memory restoring and neuroprotective effects of the proline-containing dipeptide, GVS-111, in a photochemical stroke model

In a rat model of frontal cortex thrombosis, Noopept (GVS-111) administered intravenously demonstrated significant neuroprotective and cognition-restoring effects. It reduced the infarcted brain area and improved passive avoidance performance without causing motor disturbances, likely due to enhanced neuronal plasticity, antioxidant activity, and the attenuation of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10780261/.
Pelsman A, Hoyo-vadillo C, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB, Ostrovskaya RU, Busciglio J. GVS-111 prevents oxidative damage and apoptosis in normal and Down’s syndrome human cortical neurons. Int J DevNeurosci. 2003;21(3):117-24.

GVS-111 prevents oxidative damage and apoptosis in normal and Down’s syndrome human cortical neurons

Noopept (GVS-111), a dipeptide analog of Piracetam, demonstrated strong neuroprotective activity in vitro by significantly enhancing neuronal survival and reducing oxidative stress-induced damage in both normal and Down’s syndrome cortical neurons. It outperformed Piracetam and other antioxidants, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option for mental retardation and neurodegenerative disorders.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/S0736-5748%2803%2900031-5.
Vorobyov V, Kaptsov V, Kovalev G, Sengpiel F. Effects of nootropics on the EEG in conscious rats and their modification by glutamatergic inhibitors. Brain Res Bull. 2011;85(3-4):123-32.

Effects of nootropics on the EEG in conscious rats and their modification by glutamatergic inhibitors

Both Piracetam and its more potent analog, Noopept, increased alpha/beta1 EEG activity in rats, with effects mediated by NMDA receptors after a single injection and by quisqualate/AMPA receptors after repeated use. Repeated injections reduced their efficacy, but quisqualate/AMPA receptor antagonism partially restored these effects.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0361923011000773?via%3Dihub.
Radionova KS, Belnik AP, Ostrovskaya RU. Original nootropic drug noopept prevents memory deficit in rats with muscarinic and nicotinic receptor blockade. Bull ExpBiol Med. 2008;146(1):59-62.

Original nootropic drug noopept prevents memory deficit in rats with muscarinic and nicotinic receptor blockade

Noopept demonstrated antiamnesic activity in a three-way passive avoidance model by reversing the memory-impairing effects of cholinoceptor antagonists, scopolamine and mecamylamine, and improving spatial memory and preference.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-008-0209-0.
Ostrovskaya RU, Gudasheva TA, Zaplina AP, et al. Noopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampus. Bull ExpBiol Med. 2008;146(3):334-7.

Noopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampus

Noopept, a nootropic and neuroprotective dipeptide, enhances the expression of neurotrophic factors NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus, especially after chronic administration, potentially aiding neuronal restoration and cognitive function. This suggests Noopept may help prevent or treat Alzheimer’s disease, particularly in its early stages or in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-008-0297-x.
Lutsenko VK, Vukolova MN, Gudasheva TA. Cyclopropyl glycine and proline-containing preparation noopept evoke two types of membrane potential responses in synaptoneurosomes. Bull ExpBiol Med. 2003;135(6):559-62.

Cyclopropyl glycine and proline-containing preparation noopept evoke two types of membrane potential responses in synaptoneurosomes

The dipeptide GVS-111, along with cyclo(Pro-Gly) and proline, reduces synaptoneurosome membrane potential in a Ca2+-free medium, with GVS-111 being the most effective. In a Ca2+-containing medium, GVS-111 and cyclo(Pro-Gly) cause both hyperpolarization and depolarization of the membrane. These effects suggest that modulation of membrane potential by nootropic agents might enhance memory and neuroprotection.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1025425218023.
Kravchenko EV, Ponteleeva IV, Trofimov SS, Lapa VI, Ostrovskaia RU, Voronina TA. [The original nootropic and neuroprotective drug noopeptpotentiates the anticonvulsant activity of valproate in mice]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2009 Nov-Dec;72(6):15-7. Russian. PMID: 20095393.

[The original nootropic and neuroprotective drug noopeptpotentiates the anticonvulsant activity of valproate in mice]

The dipeptide drug Noopept, known for its nootropic, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic properties, does not independently exhibit anticonvulsant effects but enhances the anticonvulsant activity of valproate after prolonged administration. This suggests that chronic combined use of Noopept and valproate may improve cognitive function and prevent neurodegeneration while enhancing valproate’s effectiveness against convulsions.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20095393/.
Ostrovskaia RU, Gudasheva TA, Voronina TA, Seredenin SB. Original’nyĭnootropnyĭineĭroprotektivnyĭpreparatnoopept [The original novel nootropic and neuroprotective agent noopept]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2002 Sep-Oct;65(5):66-72. Russian. PMID: 12596521.

[The original novel nootropic and neuroprotective agent noopept]

Noopept, a novel nootropic drug designed using a peptide-based approach, surpasses piracetam in effectiveness, requiring 1000 times lower doses and offering a broader range of cognitive benefits, including memory consolidation and retrieval. Additionally, Noopept exhibits neuroprotective and anxiolytic properties through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory actions, and inhibition of neurotoxic effects. Unlike other peptides, it is effective when administered orally, making it a promising treatment for cognitive deficiencies related to cerebrovascular and post-traumatic conditions.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12596521/.
Povarov IS, Kondratenko RV, Derevyagin VI, Ostrovskaya RU, Skrebitskii VG. Nootropic dipeptide noopept enhances inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2015 Jan;158(3):349-51. doi: 10.1007/s10517-015-2759-2. Epub 2015 Jan 9. PMID: 25573367.

Nootropic dipeptide noopept enhances inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus

Noopept, when applied to hippocampal slices from Wistar rats, enhanced the inhibitory current in CA1 pyramidal neurons without affecting the excitatory current. This effect was dose-dependent and linked to changes in GABAergic interneurons, rather than altering the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters.

You can read the full article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-015-2759-2.
Kondratenko RV, Derevyagin VI, Skrebitsky VG. Novel nootropic dipeptide Noopept increases inhibitory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells. Neurosci Lett. 2010 May 31;476(2):70-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.04.005. Epub 2010 Apr 9. PMID: 20382202.

Novel nootropic dipeptide Noopept increases inhibitory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells

Noopept, a newly synthesized nootropic and anxiolytic dipeptide, was found to significantly increase the frequency of spike-dependent spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, without affecting spike-independent mIPSCs. This effect is likely mediated through the activation of inhibitory interneurons that terminate on CA1 pyramidal cells, as confirmed by current clamp recordings.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304394010004313?via%3Dihub.
Molodavkin GM, Borlikova GG, Voronina TA, Gudasheva TA, Ostrovskaia RU, Tushmalova NA, Seredenin SB. Vliianienovogodipeptidnogonootropanoopeptai ego metabolitatsiklo-L-propilglitsinanatranskallozal’nyĭvyzvannyĭpotentsialmozgakrys [Effect of the novel dipeptide nootropic agent noopept and its metabolite cyclo-L-prolylglycine on the transcallosal evoked potential in the rat brain]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2002 Mar-Apr;65(2):3-5. Russian. PMID: 12109288.

[Effect of the novel dipeptide nootropic agent noopept and its metabolite cyclo-L-prolylglycine on the transcallosal evoked potential in the rat brain]

Noopept, its metabolite cyclo-L-prolylglycine, and the standard nootropic piracetam were studied for their effects on transcallosal evoked potential (TEP) in rat brains. All three compounds increased the TEP amplitude, with noopept and cyclo-L-prolylglycine maintaining this increase for over 3.5 hours, unlike piracetam. Noopept particularly enhanced the negative TEP wave, suggesting that these nootropics may improve interhemispheric signal transfer, potentially underlying their positive effects on behavior.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12109288/.
Belnik AP, Ostrovskaya RU, Poletaeva II. Dipeptide preparation Noopept prevents scopolamine-induced deficit of spatial memory in BALB/c mice. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2007 Apr;143(4):431-3. doi: 10.1007/s10517-007-0148-1. PMID: 18214292.

Dipeptide preparation Noopept prevents scopolamine-induced deficit of spatial memory in BALB/c mice

Noopept (0.5 mg/kg) effectively prevented scopolamine-induced cognitive disorders in BALB/c mice, preserving long-term memory and spatial learning despite scopolamine’s impairment of memory. This suggests Noopept’s potential as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease due to its choline-positive effects on memory retrieval.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-007-0148-1.
Ostrovskaya RU, Gudasheva TA, Zaplina AP, Vahitova JV, Salimgareeva MH, Jamidanov RS, Seredenin SB. Noopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampus. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2008 Sep;146(3):334-7. doi: 10.1007/s10517-008-0297-x. PMID: 19240853.

Noopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampus

Noopept enhances the expression of neurotrophic factors NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus, particularly after chronic administration, which may aid in neuronal restoration and cognitive function. This suggests Noopept’s potential to prevent or treat Alzheimer’s disease, especially at the early stages of mild cognitive impairment.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-008-0297-x.
Ostrovskaia RU, VakhitovaIuV, SalimgareevaMKh, Iamidanov RS, Sadovnikov SV, Kapitsa IG, Seredenin SB. [On the mechanism of noopept action: decrease in activity of stress-induced kinases and increase in expression of neutrophines]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2010 Dec;73(12):2-5. Russian. PMID: 21395007.

[On the mechanism of noopept action: decrease in activity of stress-induced kinases and increase in expression of neutrophines]

Chronic administration of Noopept reduces the activity of stress-induced kinases (SAPK/JNK 46/54 and pERK1/2) in the hippocampus and increases BDNF gene expression in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, suggesting its potential to counteract mechanisms involved in Alzheimer’s disease by mitigating amyloidogenesis and tau-protein deposition while enhancing neurotrophic support.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21395007/.
Bel’nik AP, Ostrovskaia RU, Poletaeva II. [Genotype-dependent mice behavior in cognitive tasks. Effect of noopept]. ZhVysshNervDeiatIm I P Pavlova. 2007 Nov-Dec;57(6):721-8. Russian. PMID: 18592707.

[Genotype-dependent mice behavior in cognitive tasks. Effect of noopept]

The cognitive performance of different mouse strains in learning and memory tasks varied, with C57BL/6J showing good memory retention, BALB/c learning but lacking long-term memory, and DBA/2J showing poor learning. The nootropic drug Noopept improved long-term memory in BALB/c mice but had no effect on C57BL/6J and did not alter performance in DBA/2J, highlighting a genotype-dependent response.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18592707/.
Gavrilova SA, Us KS, Ostrovskaia RU, Koshelev VB. [Neuroprotective activity of the proline-containing dipeptide noopept on the model of brain ischemia induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2006 Jul-Aug;69(4):16-8. Russian. PMID: 16995431.

[Neuroprotective activity of the proline-containing dipeptide noopept on the model of brain ischemia induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion]

Noopept significantly reduced the area of brain damage by 34.5% in a rat model of ischemic cortical stroke, demonstrating its potential as a neuroprotective treatment for stroke when administered shortly after the onset of ischemia.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16995431/.
Antipova TA, Nikolaev SV, Ostrovskaya PU, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB. Dipeptide Piracetam Analogue Noopept Improves Viability of Hippocampal HT-22 Neurons in the Glutamate Toxicity Model. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016 May;161(1):58-60. doi: 10.1007/s10517-016-3344-z. Epub 2016 Jun 6. PMID: 27265136.

Dipeptide Piracetam Analogue Noopept Improves Viability of Hippocampal HT-22 Neurons in the Glutamate Toxicity Model

Noopept significantly improved the survival of hippocampal neurons exposed to glutamic acid toxicity, with hippocampal neurons showing greater sensitivity to its protective effects compared to cortical and cerebellar neurons, across a concentration range of 10⁻¹¹ to 10⁻⁵ M.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-016-3344-z.
Romanova GA, Shakova FM, Gudasheva TA, Ostrovskaya RU. Impairment of learning and memory after photothrombosis of the prefrontal cortex in rat brain: effects of Noopept. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002 Dec;134(6):528-30. doi: 10.1023/a:1022940507519. PMID: 12660828.

Impairment of learning and memory after photothrombosis of the prefrontal cortex in rat brain: effects of Noopept

Noopept improved memory acquisition, retention, and retrieval in rats with ischemic damage to the prefrontal cortex and in those with a hereditary learning deficit, showing its strongest effects in animals with impaired memory function.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1022940507519.
Zarubina IV, Shabanov PD. Noopept reduces the postischemic functional and metabolic disorders in the brain of rats with different sensitivity to hypoxia. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2009 Mar;147(3):339-44. doi: 10.1007/s10517-009-0504-4. PMID: 19529857.

Noopept reduces the postischemic functional and metabolic disorders in the brain of rats with different sensitivity to hypoxia

Noopept demonstrated neuroprotective effects in Wistar rats with chronic cerebral ischemia, reducing neurological disorders, improving survival, normalizing behavior, and preventing oxidative damage in both hypoxia-sensitive and low-sensitive rats.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-009-0504-4https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-009-0504-4.
Ostrovskaya RU, Gudasheva TA, Zaplina AP, Vahitova JV, Salimgareeva MH, Jamidanov RS, Seredenin SB. Noopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampus. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2008 Sep;146(3):334-7. doi: 10.1007/s10517-008-0297-x. PMID: 19240853.

Noopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampus

Noopept increases the expression of neurotrophic factors NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus after both acute and chronic treatment, suggesting its potential to enhance cognitive function and prevent Alzheimer’s disease, especially in early stages or mild cognitive impairment.

You can read the full article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-008-0297-x.
Kravchenko EV, Ponteleeva IV, Trofimov SS, Lapa VI, Ostrovskaia RU, Voronina TA. [The original nootropic and neuroprotective drug noopept potentiates the anticonvulsant activity of valproate in mice]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2009 Nov-Dec;72(6):15-7. Russian. PMID: 20095393.

The original nootropic and neuroprotective drug noopept potentiates the anticonvulsant activity of valproate in mice

Noopept alone does not have anticonvulsant properties, but prolonged administration enhances the anticonvulsant effect of valproate, while also benefiting cognitive functions and potentially reducing neurodegenerative processes.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20095393/.
Gudasheva, T. A., Boyko, S. S., Ostrovskaya, R. U., Voronina, T. A., Akparov, V. K., Trofimov, S. S., Rozantsev, G. G., Skoldinov, A. P., Zherdev, V. P., & Seredenin, S. B. (1997). The major metabolite of dipeptide piracetam analogue GVS-111 in rat brain and its similarity to endogenous neuropeptide cyclo-L-prolylglycine. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 22(3), 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03189814.

The major metabolite of dipeptide piracetam analogue GVS-111 in rat brain and its similarity to endogenous neuropeptide cyclo-L-prolylglycine

GVS-111, a new piracetam analogue, acts as a prodrug that converts in the body to cyclo-prolylglycine, an endogenous cyclopeptide responsible for its nootropic activity, as shown by increased cyclo-prolylglycine levels in the brain after administration.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9358206/.
Ostrovskaya, R. U., Mirsoev, T. K., Romanova, G. A., Gudasheva, T. A., Kravchenko, E. V., Trofimov, C. C., Voronina, T. A., & Seredenin, S. B. (2001). Proline-containing dipeptide GVS-111 retains nootropic activity after oral administration. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 132(4), 959–962. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013663126973.

Proline-containing dipeptide GVS-111 retains nootropic activity after oral administration

Experiments on rats demonstrated that Noopept (GVS-111), a peptide analog of piracetam, retains its antiamnesic activity when administered orally and enhances learning in both single and repeated doses, unlike its metabolite cycloprolylglycine and standard piracetam.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1013663126973.
Bel’nik, A. P., Ostrovskaya, R. U., & Poletaeva, I. I. (2009). Genotype-dependent characteristics of behavior in mice in cognitive tests. The effects of Noopept. Neuroscience and behavioral physiology, 39(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-008-9095-1.

Genotype-dependent characteristics of behavior in mice in cognitive tests

Male C57BL/6J, BALB/c, and DBA/2J mice showed differences in cognitive abilities, with Noopept (GVS-111) improving long-term memory in BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/6J or DBA/2J mice. Noopept also enhanced the ability to extrapolate stimulus movement in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice, with no effect in DBA/2J mice.

You can read the full article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11055-008-9095-1.
Romanova, G. A., Mirzoev, T. K., Barskov, I. V., Victorov, I. V., Gudasheva, T. A., & Ostrovskaya, R. U. (2000). Antiamnesic effect of acyl-prolyl-containing dipeptide (GVS-111) in compression-induced damage to frontal cortex. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 130(9), 846–848.

Antiamnesic effect of acyl-prolyl-containing dipeptide (GVS-111) in compression-induced damage to frontal cortex

The acyl-prolyl-containing dipeptide GVS-111 demonstrated an antiamnestic effect in rats with bilateral compression-induced frontal cortex damage, improving retrieval of passive avoidance responses after both intraperitoneal and oral administration compared to untreated controls.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11177261/.
Andreeva, N. A., Stel’mashuk, E. V., Isaev, N. K., Ostrovskaya, R. U., Gudasheva, T. A., & Viktorov, I. V. (2000). Neuroprotective properties of nootropic dipeptide GVS-111 in in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation, glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 130(10), 969–972.

Neuroprotective properties of nootropic dipeptide GVS-111 in in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation, glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress

In cerebellar granule cell cultures modeled for ischemic damage using argon anoxia and glucose deprivation, the peptide piracetam analogue GVS-111 showed a protective effect by preventing neurodegeneration induced by glutamate and oxidative stress, a benefit not observed with piracetam.

You can read the full article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11177296/.
Ostrovskaya, R. U., Romanova, G. A., Trofimov, S. S., Gudasheva, T. A., Voronina, T. A., Halikas, J. A., & Seredenin, S. B. (1997). The novel substituted acylproline-containing dipeptide, GVS-111, promotes the restoration of learning and memory impaired by bilateral frontal lobectomy in rats. Behavioural pharmacology, 8(2-3), 261–268.

The novel substituted acylproline-containing dipeptide, GVS-111, promotes the restoration of learning and memory impaired by bilateral frontal lobectomy in rats

In a study using a rat model of bilateral frontal lobectomy (BFL), GVS-111 (N-phenylacetylprolylglycine ethyl ester) significantly improved performance in both active and passive avoidance tasks and restored normal activity habituation after BFL, suggesting its potential therapeutic benefit in mitigating cognitive deficits following frontal lobe damage.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9833021/.
Kondratenko, R. V., Derevyagin, V. I., & Skrebitsky, V. G. (2010). Novel nootropic dipeptide Noopept increases inhibitory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells. Neuroscience letters, 476(2), 70–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.04.005.

Novel nootropic dipeptide Noopept increases inhibitory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells

Noopept, a newly synthesized nootropic and anxiolytic dipeptide, was found to enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells by increasing the frequency of spike-dependent spontaneous IPSCs, likely through the activation of inhibitory interneurons, as confirmed by current clamp recordings.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304394010004313?via%3Dihub.
Mordyk AV, Lysov AV, Kondria AV, Gol’dzon MA, Khlebova NV. [Prevention of neuro- and cardiotoxic side effects of tuberculosis chemotherapy with noopept]. Klin Med (Mosk). 2009;87(5):59-62. Russian. PMID: 19565831.

[Prevention of neuro- and cardiotoxic side effects of tuberculosis chemotherapy with noopept]

The study assessed the effectiveness of Noopept in preventing side effects from tuberculosis treatment in 60 patients. Those treated with Noopept (10 mg twice daily for a month) showed improved autonomic nervous system function, enhanced antioxidant response, reduced anxiety, and decreased neuro- and cardiotoxic side effects from antituberculous drugs.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19565831/.
Gudasheva TA, Konstantinopol’skii MA, Ostrovskaya RU, Seredenin SB. Anxiolytic activity of endogenous nootropic dipeptide cycloprolylglycine in elevated plus-maze test. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2001;131(5):464-6.

Anxiolytic activity of endogenous nootropic dipeptide cycloprolylglycine in elevated plus-maze test

Testing in an elevated plus-maze showed that cycloprolylglycine, a piracetam analog, exhibited dose-dependent anxiolytic effects, significantly increasing time spent in open arms without affecting overall motor activity. This effect was stereo-selective, as the D-enantiomer was inactive. The study suggests that cycloprolylglycine shares both nootropic and anxiolytic properties with piracetam and hints at an endogenous system co-regulating memory and anxiety.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1017928116025.
Voronina TA, Guzevatykh LS, Trofimov SS. [Comparative study of the long-term behavioral effects of noopept and piracetam in adult male rats and female rats in postnatal period]. EkspKlinFarmakol. 2005;68(2):3-7.

[Comparative study of the long-term behavioral effects of noopept and piracetam in adult male rats and female rats in postnatal period]

In a study on adult male and female rats, the cognitive enhancers noopept and piracetam, administered daily, suppressed both horizontal and vertical activity as well as anxiety compared to a control group. Early postnatal injections of these nootropes did not affect the development or behavior of adult female rats in various behavioral tests. Additionally, rats raised in a poor sensory environment without drug treatment exhibited less habituation in the open field test compared to control and drug-treated groups.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15934357/.
Vasil’eva EV, Salimov RM, Kovalev GI. [Effects of nootropic drugs on behavior of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice in the exploratory cross-maze test]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2012;75(7):3-7. Russian. PMID: 23025044.

[Effects of nootropic drugs on behavior of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice in the exploratory cross-maze test]

In a study comparing C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, it was found that BALB/c mice exhibited greater anxiety and lower exploratory behavior. Nootropic drugs, including piracetam, phenotropil, noopept, and semax, improved exploratory behavior and reduced anxiety in BALB/c mice, with phenotropil also increasing locomotor activity. The study suggests that these nootropics positively modulate spontaneous orientation and anxiety in mice with initially low exploratory efficiency.

You can read the full article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23025044/.
Uyanaev AA, Fisenko VP, Khitrov NK. Effect of noopept and afobazole on the development of neurosis of learned helplessness in rats. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003 Aug;136(2):162-4. doi: 10.1023/a:1026319023922. PMID: 14631499.

Effect of noopept and afobazole on the development of neurosis of learned helplessness in rats

Noopept accelerated the acquisition of conditioned active avoidance responses and reduced learned helplessness in rats, while afobazole had the opposite effect, likely due to its strong anxiolytic properties.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1026319023922.
Uyanaev AA, Fisenko VP. Studies of long-term noopept and afobazol treatment in rats with learned helplessness neurosis. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2006 Aug;142(2):202-4. English, Russian. doi: 10.1007/s10517-006-0327-5. PMID: 17369939.

Studies of long-term noopept and afobazol treatment in rats with learned helplessness neurosis

Noopept, after 21 days of treatment, effectively eliminated learned helplessness in rats by increasing the percentage of trained animals, while Afobazol was less effective but still reduced learned helplessness with prolonged use, primarily by increasing the percentage of untrained animals.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-006-0327-5.
Bel’nik AP, Ostrovskaia RU, Poletaeva II. [Behavior of mice from different strains: modifications produced by noopept]. ZhVysshNervDeiatIm I P Pavlova. 2007 Sep-Oct;57(5):613-7. Russian. PMID: 18064900.

[Behavior of mice from different strains: modifications produced by noopept]

Noopept showed genotype-dependent behavioral effects in mice, increasing anxiety-related behavior in BALB/c mice while decreasing it in C57BL/6J mice in the elevated plus maze. It also enhanced active avoidance reactions across all strains in a stress-inducing test and intensified exploratory behavior in BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice, with little to no effect on DBA/2J mice.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18064900/.
Shabanov PD, Lebedev AA, Stetsenko VP, Lavrov NV, Sablina GV, Gudasheva TA, Ostrovaskaia RU. [Effects of noopept and cortexin on the behavior of matured rats treated with corticoliberin or 70-kDa heat shock proteins in early ontogeny]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2007 Jan-Feb;70(1):6-10. Russian. PMID: 17402584.

[Effects of noopept and cortexin on the behavior of matured rats treated with corticoliberin or 70-kDa heat shock proteins in early ontogeny]

Injecting young Wistar rats with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) or heat shock proteins (HSP-70) significantly influenced the effects of nootropic drugs Noopept and Cortexin in adulthood, with differences observed between males and females. Noopept primarily showed psychoactivating and antiaggressive effects, while Cortexin exhibited mild anxiolytic and antidepressant activity. The study suggests that the behavioral effects of nootropics are influenced by early stress system activation.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17402584/.
Kovalev GI, Kondrakhin EA, Salimov RM, Neznamov GG. [The dynamics of behavioral and neuroreceptor effects after acute and long-term noopept administration in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2014;77(12):3-9. Russian. PMID: 25739185.

[The dynamics of behavioral and neuroreceptor effects after acute and long-term noopept administration in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice]

Noopept (1 mg/kg/day) showed no effect on anxiety or exploration in C57BL/6 mice but induced anxiolytic and nootropic effects in BALB/c mice, peaking on the 7th day of administration. In BALB/c mice, changes in hippocampal NMDA-receptor binding correlated with exploratory behavior, while changes in BDZ-receptors in the prefrontal cortex were inversely related to anxiety levels.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25739185/.
Kovalenko LP, Shipaeva EV, Alekseeva SV, et al. Immunopharmacological properties of noopept. Bull ExpBiol Med. 2007;144(1):49-52.

Immunopharmacological properties of noopept

Noopept, a peptide analog of piracetam, enhanced the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages, stimulated both humoral and cellular immune responses, increased splenocyte proliferation, and showed immunocorrective properties in animals with cyclophosphamide-induced immune deficiency.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-007-0251-3.
Kovalenko LP, Miramedova MG, Alekseeva SV, Gudasheva TA, Ostrovskaia RU, Seredenin SB. [Anti-inflammatory properties of noopept (dipeptide nootropic agent GVS-111)]. EkspKlinFarmakol. 2002;65(2):53-5.

[Anti-inflammatory properties of noopept (dipeptide nootropic agent GVS-111)]

Noopept, administered in various doses and methods, demonstrated significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects in mice and rats. It notably reduced inflammation in models of acute non-immune inflammation and chronic immune inflammation, potentially due to its antioxidant properties.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12109295/.
Alekseeva SV, Kovalenko LP, Tallerova AV, Gudasheva TA, Durnev AD. [An experimental study of the anti-inflammatory action of noopept and its effect on the level of cytokines]. EkspKlinFarmakol. 2012;75(9):25-7.

[An experimental study of the anti-inflammatory action of noopept and its effect on the level of cytokines]

Noopept, when administered intraperitoneally at various doses, significantly suppressed inflammatory responses in models of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan and concanavalin A in rodents. It also reduced elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha in mice, suggesting potent anti-inflammatory effects comparable to the reference drug diclofenac.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23156084/.
Uyanaev AA, Fisenko VP, Khitrov NK. Effect of noopept and afobazole on the development of neurosis of learned helplessness in rats. Bull ExpBiol Med. 2003;136(2):162-4.

Effect of noopept and afobazole on the development of neurosis of learned helplessness in rats

Noopept, at doses of 0.05-0.10 mg/kg, enhanced the acquisition of conditioned active avoidance and reduced learned helplessness in rats, while Afobazole at 5 mg/kg had the opposite effect, likely due to its strong anxiolytic properties.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1026319023922.
Ostrovskaia RU, VakhitovaIuV, SalimgareevaMKh, et al. [On the mechanism of noopept action: decrease in activity of stress-induced kinases and increase in expression of neutrophines]. EkspKlinFarmakol. 2010;73(12):2-5.

[On the mechanism of noopept action: decrease in activity of stress-induced kinases and increase in expression of neutrophines]

Noopept (GVS-111), administered chronically to rats, reduced stress-activated MAPK activity and increased BDNF gene expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, suggesting potential therapeutic effects against Alzheimer’s disease by modulating key neurodegenerative pathways.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21395007/.
Kovalenko LP, Miramedova MG, Alekseeva SV, Gudasheva TA, Ostrovskaia RU, Seredenin SB. Protivovospalitel’nyesvoĭstvanoopepta (dipeptidnogonootropa GVS-111) [Anti-inflammatory properties of noopept (dipeptide nootropic agent GVS-111)]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2002 Mar-Apr;65(2):53-5. Russian. PMID: 12109295.

[Anti-inflammatory properties of noopept (dipeptide nootropic agent GVS-111)]

Noopept, administered in various doses and durations, significantly reduced inflammatory responses in animal models, including acute and chronic inflammation, likely due to its antioxidant properties.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12109295/.
Alekseeva SV, Kovalenko LP, Tallerova AV, Gudasheva TA, Durnev AD. [An experimental study of the anti-inflammatory action of noopept and its effect on the level of cytokines]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2012;75(9):25-7. Russian. PMID: 23156084.

[An experimental study of the anti-inflammatory action of noopept and its effect on the level of cytokines]

Noopept significantly reduced inflammatory responses in animal models, including lowering cytokine levels such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha, showing effectiveness similar to the reference anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23156084/.
Kovalenko LP, Smol’nikova NM, Alekseeva SV, Nemova EP, Sorokina AV, Miramedova MG, Kurapova SP, Sidorina EI, Kulakova AV, Daugel’-Dauge NO. Doklinicheskoeizuchenietoksichnistinoopepta [Preclinical study of noopept toxicity]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2002 Jan-Feb;65(1):62-4. Russian. PMID: 12025790.

[Preclinical study of noopept toxicity]

In a preclinical study, chronic administration of noopept at doses of 10 or 100 mg/kg over 6 months in rabbits showed no irreversible pathological changes, allergenic, immunotoxic, or mutagenic effects, and did not affect reproductive function or progeny development, while also demonstrating anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating properties in mice.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12025790/.
Ostrovskaya RU, Ozerova IV, Gudascheva TA, Kapitsa IG, Ivanova EA, Voronina TA, Seredenin SB. Efficiency of noopept in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013 Jan;154(3):334-8. doi: 10.1007/s10517-013-1944-4. PMID: 23484194.

Efficiency of noopept in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

Noopept, a nootropic and neuroprotective drug, significantly alleviated glycemia, weight loss, and enhanced pain sensitivity in rats treated with the diabetogenic toxin streptozotocin, with the most pronounced effects observed when administered preventively before toxin exposure, suggesting potential antidiabetic mechanisms.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-013-1944-4.
Zhiliuk VI, Levykh AÉ, Mamchur VI. [Platelet hyperreactivity and antiaggregatory properties of nootropic drugs under conditions of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2012;75(4):38-41. Russian. PMID: 22702111.

[Platelet hyperreactivity and antiaggregatory properties of nootropic drugs under conditions of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats]

Nootropic drugs, including noopept, pramiracetam, and Ginkgo biloba extract, were found to inhibit platelet aggregation in rats with experimental diabetes, with pramiracetam, entrop, and Ginkgo biloba showing the most consistent anti-aggregatory effects under chronic hyperglycemia conditions.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22702111/.
Ostrovskaya RU, Zolotov NN, Ozerova IV, Ivanova EA, Kapitsa IG, Taraban KV, Michunskaya AM, Voronina TA, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB. Noopept normalizes parameters of the incretin system in rats with experimental diabetes. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014 Jul;157(3):344-9. doi: 10.1007/s10517-014-2562-5. PMID: 25065315.

Noopept normalizes parameters of the incretin system in rats with experimental diabetes

In experiments on diabetic Wistar rats, Noopept demonstrated stronger antihyperglycemic effects when administered orally compared to intraperitoneal injection. It normalized decreased levels of incretin GLP-1 and insulin caused by streptozotocin without inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV, suggesting that Noopept’s increase in GLP-1 may contribute to its protective effects on pancreatic β cells, a mechanism requiring further study.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-014-2562-5.
Ostrovskaya RU, Ozerova IV, Gudascheva TA, Kapitsa IG, Ivanova EA, Voronina TA, Seredenin SB. Comparative activity of proline-containing dipeptide noopept and inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 sitagliptin in a rat model of developing diabetes. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014 Jan;156(3):342-6. doi: 10.1007/s10517-014-2345-z. Epub 2014 Jan 15. PMID: 24771372.

Comparative activity of proline-containing dipeptide noopept and inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 sitagliptin in a rat model of developing diabetes

In a study on diabetic Wistar rats, Noopept, administered before and after streptozotocin-induced diabetes, normalized blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance, outperforming the standard diabetes drug sitagliptin by the end of the experiment, particularly in enhancing glucose tolerance.

You can read the abstract of the article at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-014-2345-z.

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